What are the types of uterine fibroids?

Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyoma, are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system. They can appear alone or in multiple places at the same time. Depending on the location of the fibroids, they can be divided into four types: intramural fibroids, subserosal fibroids, submucosal fibroids, and cervical fibroids.

1. Intramural fibroids

It is the most common type, accounting for about 60% to 70% of the incidence. Myoma is located in the uterine wall and is surrounded by myometrium. It is more common when uterine myoma first occurs.

2. Subserosal fibroids

The incidence of subserosal fibroids is about 20%. It is manifested as the intramural fibroids developing into the serosa layer and protruding from the surface of the uterus, in direct contact with the serosa layer. If the fibroids protrude into and grow between the two leaves of the broad ligament of the uterus, it is an intra-broad ligament fibroid.

3. Submucosal fibroids

The incidence of submucosal fibroids is about 10% to 15%, and is manifested as intramural fibroids growing into the uterine cavity, protruding into the uterine cavity, and directly contacting the mucosal layer. Submucosal fibroids can gradually enlarge and deform the uterine cavity, and are often connected to the uterus by a pedicle. If the pedicle is long, it may block the cervical opening or prolapse into the vagina.

4. Cervical fibroids

This type is relatively rare and mainly refers to the growth of fibroids in the cervix. Due to the low growth position, cervical fibroids can be embedded in the pelvic cavity, causing compression symptoms. Surgery can easily damage the ureter and bladder, making removal more difficult.