Why is the vaginal discharge abnormal and bloody?

Abnormal vaginal discharge with blood may be caused by a variety of reasons, including infection, hormone changes, cervical problems, etc., and targeted treatment is required according to the specific cause. Common causes include vaginitis, cervicitis, endometriosis, etc., and treatment methods include medication, surgery, and lifestyle adjustments.

1. Infectious causes

Vaginitis or cervicitis is a common cause of abnormal bloody vaginal discharge. Bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections may cause inflammation of the vagina or cervix, which in turn causes increased vaginal discharge, odor or blood. For example, candidal vaginitis is often accompanied by tofu-like vaginal discharge, while bacterial vaginitis may be accompanied by a fishy odor. Antibiotics or antifungal drugs, such as metronidazole, clotrimazole, etc., are usually used to treat infectious causes. Specific medications should be taken according to the doctor's instructions.

2. Hormone changes

Fluctuations in hormone levels may also cause abnormal blood in vaginal discharge. For example, during ovulation, before and after menstruation, or during pregnancy, changes in estrogen levels may cause a small amount of bleeding. Due to the drop in hormone levels, women in menopause may experience vaginal dryness or bleeding. For hormone-related problems, hormone levels can be adjusted through hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives, but this must be done under the guidance of a doctor.

3. Cervical problems

Diseases such as cervical polyps, cervical erosion or cervical cancer may also cause bloody vaginal discharge. Cervical polyps are benign growths, but may cause contact bleeding; cervical erosion may be related to chronic inflammation; cervical cancer is a more serious disease that requires timely screening and treatment. Treatments include surgical removal of polyps, laser treatment of cervical erosion, and surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cervical cancer.

4. Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that may cause irregular menstruation, abnormal vaginal discharge, and blood. The disease is related to the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, which may cause pelvic pain and infertility. Treatments include medications (such as oral contraceptives, GnRH agonists) and surgical treatments (such as laparoscopic surgery).

5. Lifestyle Adjustment

Maintaining good personal hygiene habits is an important measure to prevent abnormal vaginal discharge. It is recommended to wash the vulva with warm water every day and avoid using irritating lotions; wear cotton underwear to keep it breathable; avoid excessive vaginal cleaning to avoid destroying the normal flora. In terms of diet, eating more foods rich in vitamins C and E, such as citrus fruits, nuts, etc., can help enhance immunity.

Abnormal vaginal discharge with blood may be a sign of a variety of diseases, and targeted treatment is required according to the specific cause. It is recommended to seek medical attention in time and make a clear diagnosis through gynecological examination, vaginal discharge routine, cervical smear, etc. In daily life, paying attention to personal hygiene and healthy diet can help prevent and improve symptoms.