The main pathogenesis of ovarian cysts

The pathogenesis of ovarian cysts has always been a controversial issue, and the following three theories are unanimously supported by the medical community.

1. Endometrial implantation theory

For example, endometrial fragments shed during menstruation can flow back through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity with menstrual blood and implant in the ovaries and adjacent pelvic peritoneum. These fragments will continue to grow and spread, eventually causing ovarian cysts. This pathogenesis is more common in women with genital tract deformities or obstructions.

2. Coelomic metaplasia theory

The female reproductive system epithelium, ovarian reproductive epithelium, pelvic peritoneum, pleura, etc. all originate from the body cavity epithelium. If the body cavity epithelium is adversely stimulated by factors such as inflammation, trauma, menstrual blood or excessive estrogen, it will metaplasia into endometrial-like tissue and form ovarian cysts.

3. Immunology

When a woman's immune function is normal, the endometrial cells that flow into the abdominal cavity from the fallopian tubes during menstruation will be killed by the local immune system, which generally does not cause damage to the body. However, if the local immune function is insufficient or the number of endometrial cells that flow back into the abdominal cavity is too large, endometrial cells will remain and the immune system will not be able to kill them all, which will then induce ovarian cysts. In addition, according to statistics, if a woman suffers from other immune system diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, her chance of developing ovarian cysts is 2 times higher than that of a woman with a normal immune system.