What are the main causes of secondary dysmenorrhea?

There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. It is necessary for everyone to learn more about dysmenorrhea. Next, let the experts introduce to you the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea. I hope it can help you better understand the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea .

2. Reproductive tract malformation: During embryonic development, the paramesonephric duct on one side can develop well, forming a well-developed unicornuate uterus. However, the paramesonephric duct on the other side develops poorly, forming a rudimentary horn or primordial uterus, which is not connected to the opposite side and does not lead to the body. The primordial uterus generally has no uterine cavity, or has a uterine cavity but lacks endometrium; if the primordial uterus has functional reactions, it manifests as periodic bleeding, which can cause dysmenorrhea due to blood accumulation in the uterine cavity. Most patients are young girls, and this is the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea.

3. Uterine fibroids: Dysmenorrhea is not the main symptom of uterine fibroids, but submucosal fibroids can cause spasmodic pain during menstruation due to stimulation of uterine contraction. Patients often have menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding. Pelvic examination can reveal varying degrees of enlargement of the uterus, with a smooth surface or nodular protrusions. The cause of secondary dysmenorrhea caused by this disease is not common.

4. Adenomyosis: The cause of secondary dysmenorrhea is a benign disease caused by the invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium. Dysmenorrhea is one of the typical symptoms of this disease. There may also be increased menstrual flow or prolonged menstruation. Gynecological examination shows that the uterus is uniformly enlarged and spherical, with a hard texture, generally about the size of a 2-month pregnancy, and there may be mild tenderness.

5. Intrauterine contraceptive device: Dysmenorrhea can also be seen in women who have an intrauterine contraceptive device placed. This type of dysmenorrhea may be caused by an increase in prostaglandins produced by the endometrium, or it may be that the contraceptive device stimulates the rejection contraction of the uterine muscles, leading to spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen. Patients often have discomfort in the lower abdomen or lumbar region, and their menstrual symptoms are aggravated, which manifests as dysmenorrhea. Improper placement of the IUD or an oversized IUD can also easily cause uterine contractions, leading to lower abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea.

6. Pelvic endometriosis: Dysmenorrhea is the main symptom of endometriosis. The ectopic endometrial tissue in the ovaries, uterine cuboid ligaments, uterine rectal fossa, pelvic peritoneum, etc. is also affected by ovarian hormones during the menstrual cycle and has cyclical changes, which is also the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea.

7. Pelvic venous congestion syndrome: This disease is a female internal reproductive organ disease caused by chronic pelvic venous congestion. The main clinical manifestations include pelvic distension, lower abdominal and lumbar pain, and are often accompanied by menorrhagia, increased leucorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The symptoms are often aggravated after fatigue, prolonged sitting or standing during sexual intercourse, or constipation. Some patients also have breast tenderness and bladder and rectal irritation symptoms.

The above content is the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea introduced by experts. Please pay attention to it. I hope it will be helpful to you. If you have other questions about the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea, please consult online experts and they will give you detailed answers.