What are the symptoms of hydatidiform mole

Symptoms of hydatidiform mole include vaginal bleeding after menstruation, abnormal uterine enlargement, and severe pregnancy reactions. Treatment requires surgical removal of hydatidiform mole tissue and regular follow-up to monitor hCG levels. Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal pregnancy state caused by abnormal development of the fertilized egg. It is divided into complete hydatidiform mole and partial hydatidiform mole. Complete hydatidiform mole has no embryonic tissue, while partial hydatidiform mole may be accompanied by embryonic tissue but with abnormal development.

1. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is a typical symptom of hydatidiform mole. The amount of bleeding may be heavy and last for a long time, often accompanied by blood clots. This kind of bleeding is different from the small amount of bleeding in normal pregnancy and needs to be taken seriously.

2. Abnormal enlargement of the uterus is another common symptom. The size of the uterus may exceed the corresponding gestational age of a normal pregnancy. It feels soft when palpated and there is no fetal movement.

3. Severe pregnancy reactions such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, etc. may be more severe than normal pregnancy and even affect daily life.

4. The diagnosis of hydatidiform mole is usually made through ultrasound examination and serum hCG level measurement. Ultrasound can show that the uterus is filled with grape-like vesicular tissue and the hCG level is significantly elevated.

5. Treatment is mainly surgical, including aspiration and curettage, to completely remove hydatidiform mole tissue. hCG levels need to be monitored regularly after surgery to prevent malignant transformation.

6. Some patients may need chemotherapy, especially those with persistently elevated hCG levels or metastases. Commonly used drugs include methotrexate and actinomycin D.

7. Follow-up is an important part of treatment. Regularly check hCG levels and ultrasound examinations to ensure there is no residue or recurrence. Contraception is recommended for at least 6 months to 1 year.

The symptoms and treatment of hydatidiform mole need to be combined with the specific circumstances. Early detection and timely treatment are the key to preventing complications. Patients should strictly follow the doctor's instructions for follow-up and monitoring.